Industrial Networking Solutions Security - PLC, SCADA

Security Recommendations:

1 - ANSI/ISA-99.02.01 security standard: Or the American National Standards Institute. The International Society of Automation has approved the second standard in the ISA99 series for the security of industrial automation. It guides users to establish a cybersecurity management system showing all details about policies, procedures, practices, and personnel. No step should be taken without a full understanding of this standard.

2 - Infrastructure: Access points, routers, switches, hubs, etc., are the frames that hold the whole system parts together. You must consider the harsh industrial conditions in which these devices will operate and the difference between them and their commercial counterparts as they may cost more money and convince some companies to purchase the commercial ones. The saying "You get what you pay" may apply here, as the industrial network components are environmentally tough equipment and well prepared for such conditions. Also, when choosing and installing some parts like for example the switches, experts should discuss some important technical details like applying the SNMP protocol and to determine whether they should be fully managed or just lightly managed or even web managed.

3 - Power Security: All industrial equipment should operate under a wide variety of power conditions to ensure minimizing the downtime and preventing power loss, automation Ethernet is not an exception. You must install sufficient power supplies with adequate fuses and breakers that can give a very short response time and with the prospect of providing a redundant system in case needed. Use an industrial UPS (Uninterruptible Power Systems). Using a UPS, allows operator stations to be closed and shut down in a controlled way if the power supply fails, thus reducing plant downtimes to a minimum.

4 - Firewalls and antivirus programs:  Like any other software system, your network requires protection against viruses, worms, hacking, and all other forms of software breaching and interfering, keep in mind to install some suitable programs for this task and update them continuously to ensure maximum protection for your system. Insight might be gained by reviewing this little research article about 'Hacking The Industrial Network' that show some statistics about security threats (click Industrial Network Security).
 
5 - Isolation: Sometimes, companies mix their Industrial Ethernet network with the office network or the BAS -Building Automation System- network and even make the industrial network connected to the internet. In fact, the office networks and internet data transfer consumes significant bandwidth which causes a negative effect on industrial network response time and efficiency, not to mention that exposing it to direct internet connection can present a serious security threat... That's why VLANS are the ultimate solution to divide this system into several parts, tagged VLANS can isolate and secure each network, accommodates with managed switches, and even manage the bandwidth traffic to prohibit delays inside the critical parts of the network. Wi-Fi and mobile applications increase security risk and small mobile SCADA screens increase the risk of operator error.

6 - Surveillance: The most important rule of any security system is to keep a watchful eye over every single part of it. Surveillance is more than just monitoring the network, but also, guarantees a fast intrusion to handle errors and malfunctions before they spread and cause damages and hazards to the whole operation process. Video surveillance or remote video monitoring is a very practical solution in this case as the revolutionary IP cameras can manage to send and receiving data with high traffic rate and many switches now on the market supports the expansion of this monitoring IP technology, this mechanism provides bigger flexibility to the surveillance process.

7 - Technical Support: It's much recommended to have a support provider to aid your system twenty-four seven. Having a professional, well-prepared team to back you up around the clock is a very cost-effective solution. You'll save time and money by providing such a service. Many bugs and problems in the system or the equipment can be handled by the technical support specialists and sometimes they can fix it remotely with no need to send a technician on site. But also keep in mind, someone working with a network system remotely can greatly increase the risk to man and machines as well as downtime.

Also within your industrial security procedures, including a corporate protocol for outside support. Ensure vendors and OEMs can only access your production equipment when the proper authority physically located in the plant, allows them access, on a case-by-case basis. Also remember to unplug modem phone lines connecting machines to OEM, after each remote support instance is done.

SCADA is considered to be an HMI (Human Machine Interface) - software system which is just a software program on a PC capable of accessing a PLC system to send and receive data, this is why it has security concerns like any other software system, it can be hacked, bugged or infected by software viruses. PLCs can be indirectly affected too if the SCADA system attached to it is not properly secured. 

One of the most intimidating security Breaches was the Stuxnet worm which targeted industrial software and equipment, it struck the Iranian uranium enrichment infrastructure in 2010, the Stuxnet hit Step-7 software application that is used to reprogram PLC devices. A more recent and equally intimidating example is the Department of Homeland Security report issued on 3/15/2018, persistant still today, Russian hackers made their way to machines with access to critical control systems at power plants and can shut down USA power now with a push of a button (or worse).

These are some articles and surveys about the current industrial network status in different fields showing analysis and recommendations for the security systems. The major players for 2011 in industrial network protocols are Ethernet/IP, PROFInet, Modbus TCP, ISA SP-100.11a, and Wireless HART.

1 -  The following article is about security for critical infrastructures like power plants, substations, electric utility control centers, and water systems, and describes some positive and negative points. The article shows an overview of the latest cybersecurity in industrial networking. https://www.controlglobal.com/articles/2009/CyberSecurity0903.html?page=1

2 - If you'd like to make a full evaluation of your current network security status, you should take a look at this detailed article that shows how to assess your security level:
https://www.controlglobal.com/articles/2005/371.html

3 - Also as wireless technology applications are especially vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks, there is an article in Energy Tech Magazine "Wireless Internet plant security", I recommend you read.

4 - As the industry takes its first steps into the world of IIoT, becoming more networked also brings risks. Especially since the industrial sector much less mature than social media in the best approaches to mitigating those risks and achieving the benefit of connectivity without the vulnerability. CISCO and Microsoft have also been working with Rockwell Automation to ensure AB / FactoryTalk is secure, so be sure to read the material AB / Rockwell has put together.